“Exploring Motivation, Discipline, and Self-Efficacy in Arabic Language Learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Batam City: A Multiple Case Study” (2025) EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan, 23(3), pp. 593–609. doi:10.32729/edukasi.v23i3.2379.